In late November, Ukraine’s all four operational nuclear plants, including the largest Zaporizhya plant, regained connection to the national power grid following a loss of external power earlier, IAEA reported.

In the meantime, experts and politicians continue voicing concerns over the effects of the possible use of tactical nuclear weapons by Russia. They converge that the war in Ukraine has further exacerbated the existing challenges to the global nuclear order. Recent developments over Ukraine have lent ambiguity to the concepts of nuclear deterrence, nuclear non-proliferation and the peaceful use of nuclear energy.  The US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin warned on 19 November that Russia may continue making nuclear threats in the wake of Ukraine’s recent military gains. He also warned that Russia’s actions may encourage autocratic governments throughout the world to continue arbitrary development of nuclear weapons, which could “drive a dangerous spiral of nuclear proliferation”.

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