Russia has made a series of threats concerning the use of nuclear weapons since the start of the war in Ukraine. On 27 February, Vladimir Putin ordered his military commanders to put Russia’s nuclear deterrence forces on high alert.
On 20 April, Russia tested its new Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile which, according to Vladimir Putin, “would force anyone who makes threats against Russia” “to think twice”.
On 26 April, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov warned the West not to underestimate the elevated risks of nuclear conflict.